periodontal disease

The health of your mouth is directly correlated to your home care and diet.  Periodontal disease and tooth decay are caused by bacteria in your mouth– a specific type for periodontal disease and a specific type for cavities.  By committing to daily removal of periodontal bacteria by brushing, flossing, and water flossing–you can help manage periodontal disease.

The Science Behind Periodontal Disease: Periodontal disease, also known as gum disease, is a common infection that affects the tissues surrounding and supporting the teeth. It is caused by the accumulation of specific bacteria in plaque along the gumline and below it.  This bacteria attacks the gum tissue an bone  around the teeth leading to inflammation and eventual bone loss and tooth loss.

The Contributing Factors: Factors that can contribute to the development and progression of periodontal disease include:

1. Poor oral hygiene: When plaque, a sticky film composed of bacteria, food particles, and saliva, is not regularly removed through brushing and flossing, it can harden into tartar (also called dental calculus) which cannot be removed by brushing alone. Tartar provides a rough surface for more plaque to accumulate, exacerbating the problem.
2. Genetics: Some individuals may be more genetically predisposed to developing periodontal disease.  Their immune systems cannot defend well against the bacteria that causes periodontal disease.
3. Hormonal changes: Hormonal fluctuations, such as those occurring during puberty, pregnancy, and menopause, can make gums more susceptible to inflammation.
4. Diabetes: Uncontrolled diabetes can impair the body’s ability to fight infection, including gum disease.
5. Certain medications: Some medications can affect oral health by causing dry mouth or other side effects that contribute to gum disease.
6. Poor nutrition: A diet lacking in essential nutrients can weaken the immune system and compromise gum health.
7. Stress: Chronic stress can weaken the body’s immune response, making it harder to fight off infections like gum disease.

The Dangers of Periodontal Disease: Periodontal disease, commonly known as gum disease, can have several consequences if left untreated:

1. Gingivitis: This is the earliest stage of periodontal disease. It’s characterized by inflammation of the gums. Symptoms may include red, swollen gums that bleed easily, especially during brushing or flossing.

2. Periodontitis: If gingivitis is not treated, it can progress to periodontitis. In this stage, the gums begin to pull away from the teeth, forming pockets that can become infected. The body’s immune system responds to the bacteria as the plaque spreads and grows below the gum line. If not treated, the bones, gums, and tissue that support the teeth can be destroyed.

3. Tooth Loss: The destruction of the gum and bone around the teeth can eventually lead to tooth loss. This occurs because the bones and tissues that hold the teeth in place become too weak to support them.

4. Systemic Health Effects: Research suggests that periodontal disease may be linked to other health problems, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, respiratory disease, and adverse pregnancy outcomes. While the exact nature of these connections is still being studied, it’s believed that the inflammation and bacteria associated with periodontal disease may contribute to these systemic health issues.

5. Halitosis (Bad Breath): Persistent bad breath can be a consequence of periodontal disease. The bacteria that cause gum disease can also produce unpleasant odors.

6. Receding Gums: As periodontal disease progresses, the gums may recede or pull away from the teeth, exposing the tooth roots. This can lead to increased sensitivity to hot and cold temperatures and may make the teeth appear longer.

7. Changes in Bite Alignment: Tooth loss due to advanced periodontal disease can alter the alignment of the remaining teeth, leading to bite problems and potential difficulties with chewing and speaking.

8. Aesthetic Concerns: Advanced gum disease can cause changes in the appearance of the gums and teeth, such as gaps between the teeth, changes in tooth shape, and tooth loss, which can impact a person’s smile and overall facial aesthetics.

Prevention Strategies: Preventing periodontal disease involves good oral hygiene practices and regular dental check-ups. Here are some tips to help prevent periodontal disease:

1. Brush Your Teeth: Brush your teeth at least twice a day with fluoride toothpaste. Use a toothbrush with soft bristles and brush gently to avoid irritating your gums.

2. Floss Daily: Flossing helps remove plaque and food particles from between your teeth and along the gumline, where your toothbrush may not reach.

3. Use a Waterflosser:  Waterpik brand waterflossers can reduce 99% of periodontal pathogens in your mouth when used properly and consistently.

4. Eat a Balanced Diet: A healthy diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins can help support overall oral health.

5. Avoid Tobacco Products: Smoking and using tobacco products increase your risk of gum disease and can hinder the healing process if you have gum inflammation.

6. Stay Hydrated: Drink plenty of water throughout the day to help rinse away food particles and bacteria that can contribute to gum disease.

7. Visit Your Dentist Regularly: Regular dental check-ups and cleanings are essential for maintaining good oral health. Your dentist can detect early signs of gum disease and provide treatment before it progresses.

8. Address Dental Issues Promptly: If you notice any signs of gum disease, such as bleeding gums, swollen gums, or persistent bad breath, see your dentist promptly for evaluation and treatment.

9. Practice Stress Management: Chronic stress can weaken your immune system and increase your susceptibility to gum disease. Practice stress-reduction techniques such as exercise, meditation, or deep breathing to help manage stress levels.

Conclusion: Individuals who are predisposed to periodontal disease must routinely remove periodontal pathogens from their mouth to prevent them from destroying the gum and bone holding their teeth in their jaw.  They must be more vigilant with their home care and professional cleanings than someone without periodontal disease as they are at a higher risk for loosing teeth.